1. szöveg
Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body’s cells become resistant to the effects of insulin. That is, the normal response to a given amount of insulin is reduced. As a result, higher levels of insulin are needed in order for insulin to have its proper effects. So, the pancreas compensates by trying to produce more insulin. With insulin resistance, the pancreas produces more and more insulin until it can no longer produce sufficient insulin for the body’s demands, then the blood sugar rises. Initially, this happens after meals- when glucose levels are at their highest – but eventually while fasting too, for example, upon waking in the morning. There are several causes for insulin resistance, and genetic factors are usually significant. Insulin resistance can be managed with diet, exercise and proper medication but it is a risk factor for the development of diabetes and heart disease.
It is often seen with the following conditions: the metabolic syndrome, obesity, pregnancy, infection or severe illness, stress, inactivity and excess weight or steroid use.
(Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/insuline_resistance)
2.szöveg
You are going to hear a dialogue between a patient and a doctor
Doctor: Good morning!
Patient: Good morning, doctor.
Doctor: How can I help you?
Patient: As you know, I’ve been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, and I'd like to know how I should change my diet to reduce my symptoms.
Doctor: Well, you’ve probably read about different types of diet for Crohn’s disease on the Internet. But the fact is, there is no scientifically proven diet for inflammatory bowel disease. I’m sure you have found that certain foods trigger your intestinal symptoms, especially when the disease flares.
Patient: Yes, I’ve noticed that it gets a lot worse if I eat whole grain products.
Doctor: Well, by avoiding your ‘trigger foods’, you may find that your GI symptoms of gas, bloating, abdominal pain, cramping and diarrhoea are more manageable. At the same time, you will give your inflamed intestines time to heal.
Patient: Are there any other foods that are potential triggers?
Doctor: The foods that trigger symptoms differ for each person, but the most common ones include: alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, chocolate, dairy products, fatty foods, fried foods, foods high in fibre, gas-producing foods such as beans or lentils, raw fruits and vegetables, spicy foods and whole grains.
Patient: That’s quite a long list. Will I have to avoid them completely?
Doctor: Once you’ve identified foods that cause your symptoms to flare, you can choose either to avoid them or to learn new ways of preparing them that will make them more tolerable. You don’t necessarily need to give them up.
Patient: Oh, that sounds a lot better.Thank you for your advice.
(Source:www.webmd.com/ibd-crohn’s disease/crohns-disease)