1. szöveg
Ageing: What to expect
You know that ageing will likely cause you to develop wrinkles and grey hair. But do you know how the ageing process will affect your heart, joints and muscles?
As you age, your heart rate becomes slightly slower and your heart might become bigger. Your blood vessels and your arteries also become stiffer, causing your heart to work harder to pump blood through them. This can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension) and other cardiovascular problems.
With age, bones tend to shrink in size and density - which weakens them and makes them more susceptible to fracture. You might even become a bit shorter. Muscles generally lose strength and flexibility, and you might become less coordinated or have trouble balancing.
Constipation is also more common in older adults. Many factors can contribute to constipation, including a low-fibre diet, not drinking enough fluids and lack of exercise. Medications - such as diuretics and iron supplements- and certain medical conditions- such as diabetes- might also contribute. Loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence) is also common with ageing.
(1095n)
(Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ageing)
2. szöveg
You are going to hear a dialogue between a relative of a patient and a neurologist.
Doctor: Good morning.
Relative: Good morning, doctor.
Doctor: How can I help you?
Relative: As you know, my father has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's, and I'd like to know something about this illness, what to expect, and how I could make it easier for him.
Doctor: Well, Alzheimer's damages pathways in the brain, which makes it difficult for him to find the right words and to understand what others are saying. In the early stages he might still be able to live and function independently, but as the disease progresses his ability to handle daily tasks is going to decline.
Relative: Over how long a period of time does this happen?
Doctor: It varies greatly, sometimes it will even vary from day to day. He will have better and worse days or periods.
Relative: Are there any ways I could make it easier for him to cope?
Doctor: A very important thing is to establish a routine to make each day more predictable. Expect things to take longer than they used to, try not to hurry him. Allow him to do as much as possible with the least amount of help, give simple instructions. When you ask him to do something, do it one step at a time. I know it won't be easy and will require a great amount of patience on your part.
Relative: I know, but I'd like to maintain his sense of independence as long as possible. Doctor: Yes, I think, that's the best you can do.
Relative: Thank you for all your help.
(248 words)
(Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/alzheimers-caregiver)